Fantasy effects without Your Computer

We all know that working with a computer, almost anything in terms of special effects, is possible. But what happens if you want to get your effects in camera or at the time of the shoot? Perhaps you want to demonstrate the effects you are after to show someone how the session is progressing. You can always try double exposure but again this is time consuming and can destroy the rhythm of a photo-shoot.
For a long time and before most of us all went digital, I used a system which still is valid today. It is particularly helpful if you are a film user.
It is all done by mirrors. I have built several different versions of the unit I am about to describe. In its simplest form it is very easy to make. All you need is a mirror, a lens, (it could be a condenser lens borrowed from an old enlarger or even a large magnifying glass), and a few DIY bits and pieces.
By the way, you need to be using a camera with a focusing screen such as a studio large format camera or a more usual DSLR or SLR. You must be able to see what you are doing through your camera. The mirror is arranged just in front of the lens but angled at 45 degrees. Then the image you want to add as background, should be ideally but not necessarily a transparency. It is focused by the extra lens and directed by the mirror back through the camera lens onto your film or sensor. It is simpler than it sounds. The key to the whole thing is the mirror. This can be an ordinary handbag mirror but it does need special treatment. You need to scrape the silvering off the centre section so when it is in front of your camera you can see you subject through the centre that has been cleared and the image of your background picture is reflected by the bits of the mirror silvering you have left intact.It is possible to use a semi-silvered mirror but one image will overlay the other completely which is not alway what you want,
I found the easiest way to use this device was to make small wooden tunnel to which the camera could be attached to look down it. The mirror is set inside and a hole is cut next to it. The large lens is fitted over this hole. Next I mounted two metal rods to support a sliding holder for my background transparency. I then positioned a studio light to illuminate the transparency.
When you use this device, focus as usual on your model. Then focus the background image through the mirror and addition lens by sliding the transparency holder up or down the rails. It is necessary to experiment with the camera lens aperture until things look right. Once it is set up for a particular session you can concentrate on your subject and start shooting. If you need a different background effect, simply change the transparency; it only takes a second or two. Of course this is not a way of putting a studio picture of your subject in a natural looking background but it does open up the possibility of all sorts of fantasy effects. The examples below will give you some idea of what is possible.
Examples

The picture on the left will give you some idea of what my device looks like. The aim of it is to find a way that brings distant subjects (your model) and the background (object, print or best of all transparency) into focus at the same time. This is done by preparing the mirror and placing it at 45 degrees close to the camera lens front. The inset shows roughly the sort of shape you should aim at when removing the silvering from its centre. The condenser or large magnifying glass is used as a sort of close-up lens to focus on the background object. I fix this on the side of my plywood tunnel. The camera can then see your subject through the clear part of the mirror and the background transparency or whatever is reflected in the remaining parts. It is also brought into focus by this extra lens
The centre of the diagram shows the arrangement I use to photograph the model top right. The frame, to which I attach my background transparency, slides on the rods so that it can be brought into focus. This is easily done manually so you do not need a complicated mechanism. You do this once your camera has focused on the model. It helps if your camera is fixed to the tunnel and then the whole unit can be mounted on a tripod. The last thing you need is for everything to get out of line as you press the shutter.
The bottom shows the set-up diagrammatically. It is important to put the mirror as close as possible to your camera lens so that it is well out of focus. The large lens should be near the mirror as well, in order to keep the size of it down. I put a piece of translucent plastic behind the transparency and light it with a free standing lamp. This way it is easy to adjust the exposure by varying the lamp to transparency distance until you get it right.

These four pictures were all taken within a few minutes of each other. They show how the device can work in practise. I used the same background throughout only varying its position slightly in the sliding transparency holder. The background is in fact a close up shot of a pocket watch movement. The aberrations produced by the condenser lens used as part of the device have added their own bit of fantasy.
So you see, once the shot is set up, unlike some other methods you can use for these sorts of effects, you can produce the finished result in-camera time after time. This, if nothing else, keeps everybody happy as they can see what they are getting immediately.

Here are more pictures produced using this device. Starting top left, this image uses a transparency of a piece of texture plastic as the background. The clear area of the mirror was small and the edges were more defined. I later found it better to increase the areas of the mirror that should remain clear in order to spread the effect more widely. That is when it became more of the sunburst shape that was illustrated earlier.
In the image (top right) the background is a transparency of water. Here the background and the model images are more integrated. The water image was a black and white shot toned blue.
The next image (bottom right) uses a background shot of mirror tiles with broken glass and water drops lying on their surface. The colours were added by half covering some of the lights with red and blue gels.
The last image (bottom left) was made using an abstract transparency as a background shot. It was of strands of glue stretched across a small cardboard frame and lit with coloured lights.
In all these photographs I sat my subject against a dark background and lit them normally. I then used an extra lamp to light the chosen background transparency. Once a balance is obtained between the light on the transparency and the lighting on your model the actual business of shooting a range of different effects is both easy and quick.
Comments
kenny wrote:
I’m very impressed that you’ve taken the time to write some very useful and instructive articles about light / lighting / photography. A lot of info to rudiment on.
posted on 10/09/2009
libby lenox wrote:
cool!
posted on 13/02/2009